Analysis of Swiss Culture Based on Hofstede's Model for the Purpose of Researching the Tourism Market
Analiza švajcarske kulture po modelu Hofsteda za potrebe istraživanja turističkog tržišta
Abstract
Dimensions of national cultures represent universal categories that characterize a particular community. These dimensions point to the differences among the national cultures, while identified differences might further affect the perception and behavior of its members, which could determine the tourist needs. Accordingly, the tourist offer should be adjusted to the members of the particular culture. This research is focused on the analysis of the characteristics of the Switzerland culture, based on the model established by Hofstede, which is pointing to the six dimensions, stated as the power distance, collectivism versus individualism, masculinity versus femininity, uncertainty avoidance, long-term versus short-term orientation and indulgence, with the aim of providing the database necessary for the stakeholders within the tourist offer. Methods used during the data collecting, processing and analyzing are historical, descriptive, comparative, statistical method and synthesis. A survey research was conducted throughout the 2017, on the basis of the perception of Switzerland culture by the members of different nations living and working in Switzerland. Besides contributions to the theory of the cultural differences and their effects on tourism, research results might have practical implication in organizations, within the local population and all other stakeholders who are focused on planning the tourist offer.
Apstrakt
Dimenzije nacionalnih kultura predstavljaju univerzalne kategorije koje karakterišu određenu zajednicu. Indeksi dimenzija se razlikuju među nacionalnim kulturama, a navedene razlike se mogu odraziti na percepciju i ponašanje njenih pripadnika. Ovo dalje može odrediti i turističke potrebe pripadnika određene kulture, prema čemu bi trebalo prilagoditi turističku ponudu. U skladu sa tim, istraživanje je usmereno na analizu karakteristika švajcarske kulture, na osnovu modela koji je uspostavio Hofstede i koji ukazuje na šest dimenzija, označenih kao raspon moći, kolektivizam naspram individualizma, muških naspram ženskih vrednosti, izbegavanje neizvesnosti, dugoročna naspram kratkoročne orijentacije i indulgencija, a sve u cilju obezbeđivanja baze podataka neophodne za stejkholdere u turističkoj ponudi. Metode korišćene prilikom prikupljanja, obrade i analize podataka su istorijska metoda, zatim deskriptivna, komparativna, kao i statistička metoda i sinteza. Za potrebe rada, sprovedeno je i anketno istraživanje tokom 2017. godine, gde je analizirana percepcija švajcarske kulture od strane pripadnika različitih naroda koji žive i rade u Švajcarskoj. Pored doprinosa teoriji o kulturološkim razlikama i njihovom uticaju na turizam, rezultati istraživanja mogu imati i praktičnu primenu u organizacijama, kod lokalnog stanovništva i svih drugih stejkholdera koji su usmereni ka planiranju turističke ponude.
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